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Olăritul: meserii care au dispărut

22/12/2013 Economie, Istorie 11,517

Sursa foto: http://www.flickr.com/photos/14721869@N02/2680418274/Vremea când în casele românilor de la sate oalele şi străchinile de lut ars însemnau nu doar simple obiecte decorative, ci pur şi simplu accesorii funcţionale de bucătărie, s-a dus pentru totdeauna. Astăzi locul acestora e suplinit de porţelanuri şi faianţe, în cel mai nobil caz, sau pentru cei mai mulţi, cu mai puţini bani şi educaţie, de exponate din material sintetic.

Acum un secol şi jumătate, pe lângă alte ateliere meşteşugăreşti, la Darabani funcţionau şi câteva care produceau, pentru comerţ, o întreagă varietate de vase necesare gospodăriilor ţărăneşti. Argila provenea din diverse surse, una situându-se pe un teren aflat la capătul actualei străzi a Tineretului. Documentele vorbesc adesea despre aceste ateliere.

În „Procesul locuitorilor din Darabani în faţa Curţii cu Juri din Dorohoi” (ed. Goebl, Botoşani, 1878), se face referire la patru fabricanţi de oale, cu toţii de religie creştin-ortodoxă, niciunul evreu. De altfel, o remarcabilă specialistă în etnografie, d-na prof. dr. Angela Paveliuc – Olaru, într-o lucrare despre zona etnografică a judeţului Botoşani, menţionează localitatea Darabani între centrele reprezentative ale olăritului din a doua jumătate a veacului XIX. Cum comerţul cu astfel de produse continua să fie înfloritor, se înmulţeau şi fabricanţii de oale. Un atelier nou se înfiinţează în anul 1907 având ca angajaţi pe Iţcu Braer, Iosub Vilinovschi, B. Manole, Iorgu Solinschi, I. Straticiuc, I. Ungureanu şi Stern Rechinstreich, cu front de lucru zilnic pentru patru lucrători.

Olăritul dărăbănean rezista încă prin mici producători, până dincolo de anul 1950. Se pare că ultimul olar din Darabani a fost Neculai Hornaru, care moştenise meseria din familie. Rapiditatea schimbărilor tehnologice şi o nouă mentalitate populară au îngropat definitiv olăritul în uitare.

Articol semnat de Victor Teişanu în Mesagerul de Darabani.

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