Când „Albina Românească” înștiința cititorii săi, în nr. 82 din anul 1841, că la Darabani luase ființă o nouă școală sătească, în Moldova existau deja, prin multe sate, asemenea instituții patronate de boieri. Dar școala din Darabani, ctitorie ivită la inițiativa hatmanului Theodor Balș, devine repede o instituție oficială. Balș obținuse de la cârmuire, odată cu înființarea școlii, și o subvenție de 1000 de lei anual pentru retribuirea învățătorului. Banii proveneau din bugetul Epitropiei școlilor. Epitropia desemnează și un învățător pentru Darabani, pe Gheorghe Crudu, cu studii seminaristice la Socola.
Foarte important: cu acest prilej Asachi elaborează un „plan lămuritor” privind funcționarea învățământului sătesc. Cele cinci articole ale planului lămuritor se refereau la vârsta elevilor (8-14 ani), durata lecțiilor zilnice (4 ore vara, cu pauză de masă, și 3 ore iarna), durata școlarizării (2 ani), programa pentru anul începător și pentru anul II.
Planul lămuritor conținea instrucțiuni speciale privind munca practică în grădina școlară, unde fiecare elev avea o „porție” de pământ cuprinzând și pomi fructiferi. Un absolvent urma să posede și cunoștințe de gramatică, citire și aritmetică, istorie sfântă, scriere, rugăciuni, istorisiri morale, lucrarea pământului, caligrafie și cântări bisericești.
Cum se vede, programa de învățământ gândită de Gheorghe Asachi avea un caracter enciclopedic, urmărind instruirea multilaterală a școlarilor, care trebuiau să se aleagă și cu niște deprinderi practice de muncă.
Acest plan lămuritor este de fapt un regulament de organizare a învățământului sătesc, primul de acest gen în Moldova. Așa cum școala înființată la Darabani în 1841, cu învățător plătit de stat și funcționând după normele ferme ale unui regulament de organizare, trebuie considerată că întâia școală sătească de stat din Moldova.
Articol semnat de Victor Teișanu în Clopotul de Botoșani în 1986.
Theodor Balș: Portretul (III) 
Ion Pillat – în drum spre Miorcani
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Understanding COSC Accreditation and Its Importance in Horology
COSC Validation and its Demanding Standards
COSC, or the Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, is the authorized Swiss testing agency that verifies the precision and accuracy of timepieces. COSC certification is a sign of excellent craftsmanship and trustworthiness in chronometry. Not all watch brands seek COSC validation, such as Hublot, which instead sticks to its proprietary stringent standards with mechanisms like the UNICO, reaching equivalent precision.
The Art of Precision Chronometry
The central mechanism of a mechanical watch involves the mainspring, which supplies energy as it unwinds. This system, however, can be susceptible to environmental elements that may affect its precision. COSC-accredited movements undergo demanding testing—over 15 days in various circumstances (five positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their durability and dependability. The tests assess:
Mean daily rate precision between -4 and +6 seconds.
Mean variation, peak variation levels, and impacts of thermal changes.
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For watch enthusiasts and collectors, a COSC-validated watch isn’t just a piece of tech but a demonstration to lasting excellence and precision. It signifies a watch that:
Presents excellent dependability and precision.
Offers assurance of quality across the whole construction of the timepiece.
Is probable to hold its value more effectively, making it a wise investment.
Famous Chronometer Manufacturers
Several renowned manufacturers prioritize COSC certification for their watches, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, offers collections like the Record and Soul, which feature COSC-validated mechanisms equipped with advanced materials like silicone balance springs to enhance resilience and efficiency.
Historic Context and the Evolution of Timepieces
The notion of the timepiece dates back to the requirement for precise chronometry for navigation at sea, emphasized by John Harrison’s work in the eighteenth cent. Since the formal foundation of Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres in 1973, the accreditation has become a yardstick for judging the precision of luxury timepieces, continuing a legacy of excellence in horology.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-accredited watch is more than an aesthetic choice; it’s a dedication to quality and accuracy. For those valuing accuracy above all, the COSC validation offers peace of mind, ensuring that each certified watch will operate reliably under various conditions. Whether for personal satisfaction or as an investment decision, COSC-validated timepieces stand out in the world of watchmaking, bearing on a legacy of careful timekeeping.
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