Când „Albina Românească” înștiința cititorii săi, în nr. 82 din anul 1841, că la Darabani luase ființă o nouă școală sătească, în Moldova existau deja, prin multe sate, asemenea instituții patronate de boieri. Dar școala din Darabani, ctitorie ivită la inițiativa hatmanului Theodor Balș, devine repede o instituție oficială. Balș obținuse de la cârmuire, odată cu înființarea școlii, și o subvenție de 1000 de lei anual pentru retribuirea învățătorului. Banii proveneau din bugetul Epitropiei școlilor. Epitropia desemnează și un învățător pentru Darabani, pe Gheorghe Crudu, cu studii seminaristice la Socola.
Foarte important: cu acest prilej Asachi elaborează un „plan lămuritor” privind funcționarea învățământului sătesc. Cele cinci articole ale planului lămuritor se refereau la vârsta elevilor (8-14 ani), durata lecțiilor zilnice (4 ore vara, cu pauză de masă, și 3 ore iarna), durata școlarizării (2 ani), programa pentru anul începător și pentru anul II.
Planul lămuritor conținea instrucțiuni speciale privind munca practică în grădina școlară, unde fiecare elev avea o „porție” de pământ cuprinzând și pomi fructiferi. Un absolvent urma să posede și cunoștințe de gramatică, citire și aritmetică, istorie sfântă, scriere, rugăciuni, istorisiri morale, lucrarea pământului, caligrafie și cântări bisericești.
Cum se vede, programa de învățământ gândită de Gheorghe Asachi avea un caracter enciclopedic, urmărind instruirea multilaterală a școlarilor, care trebuiau să se aleagă și cu niște deprinderi practice de muncă.
Acest plan lămuritor este de fapt un regulament de organizare a învățământului sătesc, primul de acest gen în Moldova. Așa cum școala înființată la Darabani în 1841, cu învățător plătit de stat și funcționând după normele ferme ale unui regulament de organizare, trebuie considerată că întâia școală sătească de stat din Moldova.
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Understanding COSC Certification and Its Importance in Horology
COSC Validation and its Rigorous Criteria
COSC, or the Official Swiss Chronometer Testing Agency, is the official Swiss testing agency that certifies the precision and precision of timepieces. COSC accreditation is a mark of excellent craftsmanship and reliability in timekeeping. Not all watch brands pursue COSC certification, such as Hublot, which instead adheres to its own demanding standards with movements like the UNICO calibre, achieving equivalent precision.
The Art of Precision Chronometry
The core system of a mechanical watch involves the spring, which supplies energy as it unwinds. This system, however, can be prone to environmental factors that may influence its precision. COSC-validated movements undergo rigorous testing—over fifteen days in various circumstances (5 positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their durability and reliability. The tests assess:
Typical daily rate accuracy between -4 and +6 secs.
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Well-known Timepiece Brands
Several famous brands prioritize COSC validation for their watches, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, offers collections like the Archive and Soul, which highlight COSC-accredited movements equipped with innovative materials like silicon equilibrium springs to enhance durability and efficiency.
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The concept of the timepiece dates back to the requirement for precise chronometry for navigational at sea, highlighted by John Harrison’s work in the eighteenth century. Since the formal foundation of COSC in 1973, the validation has become a standard for assessing the accuracy of luxury watches, sustaining a legacy of excellence in horology.
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